The results provide guidance on a) implications for human risk assessment for full lifetime exposures relative to adult-only exposures, with comparisons with the human relative susceptibility assumptions in the U.S. EPA (2003) proposal and b) implications for research priorities to reduce uncertainties.
Overall, the estimated population arithmetic mean risk from lifetime exposures at a constant milligrams per kilogram body weight level to a generic mutagenic carcinogen is about 2.8-fold larger than expected from adult-only exposure with 5 95% confidence limits of 1.5-to 6-fold.
Tap water consumption was the only exposure associated with illness.
Alfalfa sprouts were the only exposure associated with E. coli O157 H7 infection in both Michigan and Virginia.
Eating bean sprouts was the only exposure associated with S. Enteritidis pt 4b infection (matched odds ratio 13.0, 95% confidence interval 2.0-552.5).
In the case-control study, among a broad range of foodstuff, beverages, and recreational activities queried, the consumption of orange juice was the only exposure significantly associated with HA, with higher doses of juice significantly increasing HA risk.
The only exposure significantly associated with illness was drinking Alpine municipal water.
Our study shows that CS-induced emphysema with nose-only exposure associates with mild skeletal muscle dysfunction in terms of high frequency force and small morphological changes with fiber-type redistribution in the soleus muscle after 6 months of exposure.
Overall, Monte Carlo simulations using the constant milligrams per kilogram dosing produce a mean expected value for the lifetime risk that is 2.8 times what would be expected for adult-only exposure (compared with the 1.6 expected under the U.S. EPA proposal; U.S. EPA 2003) with 5 95% confidence limits of about 1.5 6 times the adult-only exposure risk.
We conducted a crossover, double-blind experiment, randomized to order, of DE inhalation and a sham [filtered air (FA) only] exposure, with each participant exposed on three different days to each of three conditions: FA, and DE calibrated to 100 μg/m (DE100) and 200 μg/m3 (DE200) PM200.
