To be red (or even to be an apple) it must already exist, as only existing things instantiate properties.
Since Smith assumes that "x exists", like "x meows" and "x kisses Mary", is a predicate, it also follows via (T≤) that the projection of this judgement includes the fusion of all and only existing things (Smith 1999: 10).
Not only existing things but also all kinds of non-beings (nonentities, Routley 1980, 7) find their place in Meinong's all-embracing theory of objects — among them even impossible objects, like the round square, as well as paradoxical, "defective" objects, like some forms of the liar or special cases of purely self-referential thinking (the thought about itself, for example).
According to Meinong, its range is wider than metaphysics because metaphysics deals only with existing things, with the entirety of the real.
William's ethics starts with two generally accepted early medieval claims: (1) evil is not any positively existing thing but only the privation of good (Sen 277.1); (2) every act or event that occurs is performed or condoned by God and therefore good (Sen 277.11-15).
It is worth mentioning that for Brentano it was not just the "now" that existed only as a boundary; since, like Aristotle he held that "existence" in the strict sense means "existence now", it necessarily followed that existing things exist only as boundaries of what has existed or of what will exist, or both.
Shape is not an independently existing thing, but is always a modification of an independently existing thing.
Since, by assumption, no actually existing thing could be an Alien, (4) and (6) are true only if there are mere possibilia, hence, only if the actualist's central principle A is false.
An actually existing thing, then, such as an existing body, is its essence brought to existence.
The substrate must be a contingently existing thing.
