In the desorption process, the temperature was increased from 150°C to 600°C at a rate of 15°C/min in carrier gas helium (50.0 ml/min), and the desorbed NH3 was analyzed by an online thermal conductivity detector.
Thus, it was possible to calculate acetate and biomass concentrations, as well as μ, from online capacitance and conductivity signals using estimators.
EIT EMF FDM data fusion embedded in the research prototype, including online calibration/compensation of conductivity change due to the change of fluids' temperature or ionic concentration, enables the determination of mean concentration, mean velocity and hence the mean flow rate of each individual phase based on the measurement of dispersed-phase distributions and velocity profiles.
A number of options of Na+D are currently being used in daily practice including fixed, low or high Na+D or variable (individualized) Na+D (e.g. Na+D tailored to serum concentrations, sodium modelling strategies or online monitoring of plasma conductivity with automatic adjustment of dialysate conductivity) [ 14].
To online calibrate the electrical conductivity of continuous phase and eliminate drift error of EIT measurement, two methods are discussed in this paper.
The effluent gas stream from the reactor was analyzed online by the thermal conductivity detector of parallel gas chromatography (Younglin Instrument Co., Ltd ,Anyang, Korea) with a Carboxen 1000 column.
The scheme could have a certain measurement accuracy, measurement speed and anti-interference ability, which can meet the requirement of industrial online real-time measurement for electrical conductivity.
Spring discharge and the chemo−physical parameters turbidity (Turb), spectral absorption coefficient at 254 nm (SAC254), and conductivity (Cond) were measured online at the spring outlet.
From 2014 2016, students in the program conducted over 4000 water measurements at over 30 sites statewide and entered these data points (e.g., temperature, conductivity, pH) into a common online database.
