The photobioreactor optimization model is integrated to the metabolic network one by replacing the inner problem by its first order optimality conditions.
In their model, the stochastic problem is transformed into a deterministic one by replacing the random demand with its average values.
In this way, two images are obtained from the original one, by replacing each pixel with the two sub-CLBP patterns.
The core idea of CCP is to decompose the optimization of a non-convex problem into an iterative procedure, and in each iteration, the problem is modified as a convex one by replacing the concave part in the objective function with a Taylor's approximation.
One allele was knocked out by replacing HIS1, and one by replacing with URA3 (Additional file 12).
reduce (function (a, b ){ return a + b }) will add the array elements one by one, by replacing pairs of elements picked in arbitrary sequence by their sum, until only one is left with the value 20.
Since both study groups contributed with a separate set of matrices, we combined them into a single one by replacing the diagonal empty cells (which corresponds to dyadic intergroup interactions that cannot occur) by barycenters [ 38].
The suggested emergence of most GPCRs from NRs is supported by the following observations: The conversion of the transient Na+-binding site in the middle of the membrane into a permanent one by replacing Asp251 by Glu has been described for a mutant of a Na+-translocating bacterial rhodopsin of Gillisia limnaea [ 51 ].
As we illustrate in Figure 3, it is sometimes possible to save one reticulation by replacing two completely unlinked and unrelated configurations, each containing two reticulations, by one configuration containing only three reticulations.
He's just one of many, but if we take them on one by one, replacing them in the primaries with more honest politicians, we will be making progress.
