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To explore long-term outcomes of participation in a Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) training course, which provided one-off exposure to structured education in intensive insulin therapy to people with established Type 1 diabetes.
As a result, this study is the first to obtain a large sample of socially disadvantaged smokers' responses to a simulation of a one-off exposure to an important tobacco control policy development.
This study is the first to obtain a large sample of socially disadvantaged smokers' responses to a simulation of a one-off exposure to an important tobacco control policy development.
Provided the same methodology is used each month, the same degree of error will occur each month and the data collected will be sufficient for trend measurement even though it is not accurate for a one-off exposure measurement.
In addition, chronic exposure to a stressor is usually more harmful than a one-off exposure, and previous studies have shown that chronic or repeated exposure to job insecurity or unstable labour market status might be more harmful to health than exposure to job insecurity at one time point only.
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Whilst these illustrations highlight the promise of interventions to reduce exposure to larger portion sizes, it is important to highlight that the sustainability of effects remains to be established, since studies included in this review were limited to the investigation of one-off or repeated exposures over short time periods (see also Implications for practice and Implications for research).
All of the participants interviewed reported experiencing trauma in their childhood or adolescence, ranging from one-off events to prolonged exposure.
In this study, the lack of impact of working with a standardised patient compared to working with a peer as patient, on students' clinical knowledge (written test), self-confidence in clinical skills and enhanced motivation for lifelong learning can be interpreted in terms of the one-off intervention with very limited exposure to SPs.
The company said that the exposure was "a one-off incident and doesn't compromise any other services, products or clients of the company," but noted that a "further analysis is ongoing".
Eligible studies typically investigated exposures that were one-off or, if repeated, were repeated over relatively short time periods, and participants' selection and consumption responses were typically measured over correspondingly immediate or short time periods.
45 Bielenburg et al demonstrated that exposure of C3H/HeN mice to a one-off dose of UVB resulted in epidermal hyperplasia and new vessel formation.
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