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The OR of being frail or pre-frail was estimated per one SD increase (higher score represents greater CVD risk) in the risk scores over the 10-year follow-up.

However, we also found evidence of an inverse relation of IQ at ∼20 years of age with both blood glucose (r = −0.092; P < 0.001) and the metabolic syndrome (OR per one SD increase in IQ at age 20 years 0.86 [95% CI 0.80 0.99]) in middle age (4).

For one SD increase of AHI, the OR or HR with CI in adjusted analyses was non-atopic asthma OR=0.52 (0.36 to 0.74), non-atopic wheezing OR=0.67 (0.51 to 0.89), and IHD-all HR=0.89 (0.78 to 1.01).

After controlling for other possible determinants of iron status, a one SD increase above the mean on the "meat and vegetable" dietary pattern reduced the odds of suboptimal iron status by 79.0% (OR 0.21) in women who had children.

After adjustment for potential confounders, PFOA and PFHxS were associated with a 11 and 9% reduction in fecundability per one SD increase (FOR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.83 0.94; P < 0.001 for PFOA and FOR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.86 0.97; P = 0.002 for PFHxS), while no significant association was observed for PFOS (FOR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.91 1.02; P = 0.17).

Having examined the relationship between birth weight and pQCT parameters of the mid-tibia, we observed a moderate positive association with PC at age 15.5 years, with a one SD increase in birth weight associated with approximately a 0.22 SD increase in PC.

A one SD increase in CRW was associated with an increase in SBP and DBP of 4.18 and 2.87 mm Hg, respectively.

Coefficients from regression models therefore represent the mean difference in cardiovascular risk factors (in their measured units or a percentage difference for the log transformed insulin and triglyceride outcomes) for a one SD increase in MET physical activity, which is equivalent to approximately 15 MET h/week, that is, just over 2 h of jogging or just under 4 h of brisk walking.

A one SD increase in birth weight was associated with a decrease in mean SBP and DBP of 1.73 and 1.12 mm Hg, respectively.

> -wrap-foot> In models adjusted for maternal age and BMI, PFOA and PFHxS were associated with an 11% (FOR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.83 0.94) and 9% (FOR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.86 0.97) reduction in fecundability per one SD increase in log-transformed serum concentrations, respectively; no significant association was observed for PFOS (FOR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.91 1.02) (Table  IV).

Expressed as z scores, associations between physical activity and adiposity measures (especially sum of skinfold thicknesses) were particularly strong, with a one SD increase in activity counts per min associated with a decline of about one-quarter of a SD in adiposity outcome.

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