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Some of the advanced cognitive radio capabilities come at a price in terms of bigger size of onboard units.
Reconfigurable and reprogrammable capabilities of CR and SDR provide the possibilities to design 'future proof' onboard units that are upgradeable with software updates.
The network architecture of CR-VANETs consists of vehicles with onboard units (OBUs) and infrastructure units such as RSUs and base stations of network providers.
Cognitive radio techniques can be used in the roadside units (RSUs) as well as the onboard units (OBUs) in a vehicle.
Wang et al. [26] proposed a model for the popular content distribution among onboard units (OBUs) in vehicular ad hoc networks by applying the coalitional graph game formalism.
These applications require web assistance and high computation power, which cannot be executed by standalone onboard units of the smart vehicles.
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There are two types of devices in WAVE: roadside unit (RS U and onboard unit (OBU).
In V2R, information is exchanged between the roadside unit (RSU) and the onboard unit (OBU) of a vehicle.
The onboard unit (OBU) of the demo vehicles received these messages and warned the driver when the hazardous location was approached.
The communication performance was measured in terms of the packet delivery ratio (PDR) as a function of the distance of the onboard unit (OBU) to the communicating RSU.
Radio-over-fiber (RoF -based system [21, 22] with RoF -basedennal unitsystem) deployed along railway lines to transmit data wirelessly to the onboard unit is another promising technology for HSR communication.
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