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If anyone believes this to be a principled position, it is useful to recall that under President George W. Bush, the E.P.A. argued for very similar policies, based on the same reading of its responsibilities.
The written exam (two hours) tests the candidate's general knowledge of French literature and is based on the same reading list as that for the Ph.D. qualifying exam (see below).
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To test for linkage among variants, we examined the 65 variants located within 100 bp (the Illumina read length) of at least one other variant and determined how frequently nearby variants are found on the same read.
Mutations in the left-hand and right-hand red-boxed regions never occur on the same reads.
The 32 (=25) haplotypes, i.e., two non-recombinants and 30 recombinants, were inferred from every 5 heterozygous SNPs on the same reads aThe heterokaryon BS05 × BS17 resulted from a mating between the two homokaryons BS05 and BS17.
This approximates the common process of examining alignments only at informative variant positions, while retaining the ability to detect whether two variants fall on the same read.
Therefore, the fact that two SNVs are consistently present on the same read or read pair implies that these two SNVs are on the same chromosome, and vice versa.
For each mutation, the read depth used for simulating the 232 mutations for the Dirichlet process was then based on the same read depth as for the 232 mutations confirmed by 454 sequencing in PD4109a.
An ASM event is defined if (i) a heterozygous SNP locates on the same read as the relevant CpG (linked SNP-CpG pair), (2) p < 0.05 (chi-square test) in the read, and (iii) difference in methylation rates is >0.1.
Our method is intended for high coverage short read data, it does not incorporate information regarding variants detected on the same read and therefore does not support haplotype reconstruction (Eriksson et al., 2008; Zagordi et al., 2011).
Besides the Illumina paired-end technology, repeated measurements on the same read fragments can also be generated using other sequencing platforms such as the PacBio RS from PacificBiosciences [ 30].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com