These "on-the-job" training programmes are primarily firm-specific, non-standardised forms of training or labour market programmes for the unemployed and will not be considered in this paper.
Although UNICEF staff are quite interested in taking part in staff exchanges or deployments to other offices and despite the fact that senior managers see the value in this type of experience, there are also constraints to the establishment of an institution-wide on-the-job training programme within UNICEF.
National skills development drives, government on-the-job-training programmes and mentoring schemes can help.
In the late 1990s, KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation set up a dedicated research unit to complement the work of the general technical assistance consultants, providing the evidence-base for TB control through capacity building, ranging from on-the-job training to full international PhD programmes (5).
This includes a national on-the-job training scheme for teachers, using satellite-delivered television programmes.But in Maranhao, making graduates of the 50,000 primary-school teachers lacking degrees is way beyond the capacity of the three local universities.
Five US cities (Chicago, LA, Miami, New York and Washington DC) ranked joint second, thanks to a number of city-led youth programmes aimed at providing on-the-job training, internship opportunities and networks for additional educational development.
These costs include tuition over lengthy training programmes, clinical placement costs, as well as salaries for on-the-job training years.
They also tend to be small or insignificant for men and for programmes delivering basic education, while on-the-job training appears to perform best.
Auxiliary nurses have one-year training in nursing and/or on-the-job training.
Available across most sectors and industries, these usually offer a structured programme allowing participants to experience on-the-job training across different aspects of a business or department.
Starting salaries are low at just £15,000, but participants who make the most of the programme, which features mentoring, networking and on-the-job training, can go on to earn double that in their first management role.
