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Moreover, it should be noted that identification of a subgroup of tumours solely based on the lack of expression of immunohistochemistry (for example, TNP) risks mis-assignment based on technical artifacts [ 3, 4].
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Based on the assessment of technical artifacts using principal component analyses, a plate effect was observed within each of the three batches and a chip within batch effect for the HumanMethylation27 data (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
Such theories, however, are not yet available; for a proposal on how to develop means-ends reasoning in the context of technical artifacts, see Hughes, Kroes and Zwart (2007).
Programming in the raw involves the construction of technical artifacts, not mathematical objects.
Presence of technical artifacts in array data resulting in correlation between M and spatial probe location on the array is a well-known and previously described phenomenon.
We first used the technical replicates included in Dataset 1 to assess the reduction of technical artifacts from these normalizations.
Both regions were considered to be the result of technical artifacts and removed from further consideration.
In this way, false interpretation of technical artifacts generated by cross-reactivity and the biological artifacts secondary to genotypic polymorphisms can be avoided.
This is the major philosophical concern and parallels the question for technical artifacts in general.
However, it should be noted that identification of a subgroup of tumors based solely on the lack of expression of immunohistochemical markers affords the risk of incorrect assignment due to technical artifacts [ 6].
The discrepancy can be due either to inherent molecular heterogeneity of tumors or to technical artifacts.
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