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The gloss reading on stone surfaces was found to increase exponentially with decrease in surface roughness.
Discolorations are often encountered on stone surfaces of sculptures housed indoor or exhibited outdoor and then re-located indoor.
This is similar to desert varnish, which contains manganese and iron oxides and is found on stone surfaces in the desert [5 7].
Additional investigation of various biogeochemical and biogeophysical alterations brought about by action of microorganisms on stone surfaces and the mechanistic studies of alterations is equally worthy to be researched out.
Tribological wear mechanisms identifiable on stone surfaces include surface fatigue, adhesion, abrasion, and tribochemical interactions, each of which are continuously in play, so that what we see depends on when the wear process was interrupted.
Outdoor bronzes are subjected to continual corrosion and dissolution processes, as well reported in literature [1 3]: associated with these processes are the coloured stains often observed on stone surfaces of outdoor monuments as the results of leaching from the attached bronze artefacts exposed to rainfall.
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Their growth on stone surface can alter it severely by the excreting inorganic and organic acids as a result of their own metabolism.
Evaluation of the factors promoting microbial activity (microbial adherence, growth and survival) on stone surface and understanding the mechanism of deterioration caused to stone surface by them is very essential for designing an appropriate conservation and restoration strategy[70].
The release of highly corrosive inorganic acids, organic acids and chelating agents by fungi and lichens on stone surface of monuments are among those methods which are inadvertently involved in the promotion of bioweathering process[23].
A legacy indicator tool (LegIT) has been developed as one possible solution, focussed on measuring the weathering of stone surfaces into the far future.
The results indicate that the innovative nanocomposites applied on-site on real stone surfaces showed comparable results with respect to the commercial products, therefore the nanoparticles addition does not negatively influence the water absorption reduction properties.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com