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Some argue that there is a moral duty on shipowners to pay the hijackers as little as possible.
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The costs of a lighthouse are such that no one shipowner will want to finance it; on the other hand, if a lighthouse is provided for one shipowner, it can be made available to all for no additional cost.
He also suspects a reluctance on the part of shipowners to grow too fast: "The last thing they want to do is go out and spend a ton of money to buy a bunch of big boats and find there's excess capacity".
Most of the literature on slow-steaming either takes the perspective of shipowners addressing technical, operational or cost-minimisation issues assuming that the effect on shippers is fully captured by an increased cost of capital tied up in the transported products—or that of society with implications of lower emissions by slow-steaming.
The oversupply is putting financial pressure on the shipowners that bought them and the already struggling European banks that financed many of the purchases.
Roald Amundsen was born on July 16, 1872, in Borge, near Fredrikstad, the fourth son in a family of shipowners and sea captains.
One example of this is the Gray Page, a specialist maritime intelligence, investigation and crisis management company, which provides an Armed Maritime Security Provider Vetting (AMSP) page as a resource for shipowners seeking information on potential security providers.
The cost to shipowners is partly offset by savings on insurance.The idea may seem simple but its legal framework is not.
Many had had to write off much of their pre-crisis lending to shipping firms, and revised capital and liquidity rules had made it relatively expensive to keep loans to shipowners (or any other form of long-term lending) on the books.
But many have abruptly stopped lending money to shipowners.
The convention was shelved, however, when OECD countries, supported by most shipowners, ganged up on it.So imagine the dismay of FOC-wavers on hearing that John Breaux, a Democratic senator from Louisiana, had recently proposed a bill to revive the convention as a counter-terrorism measure.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com