The effects of protraction on nerve movement through the shoulder region were investigated by examining nerve movement in the arm in response to contralateral neck side flexion.
Kim et al. [28] in a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of protraction facemasks (based on 14 published articles) concluded that there were no distinct differences between treatments, with or without palatal expansion, except for maxillary incisor angulation, which increased in the nonexpansion treatment group.
It is proposed that the unique mechanism of protraction of IDeg, based on soluble multihexamer formation in the subcutaneous depot, provides a buffering effect against changes in absorption rate, which thereby contributes to a stable and more consistent activity.
Using this model we collected and evaluated data on the (i) whisking frequency (cycles of protraction and retraction per second), (ii) angle at maximal protraction (the rostrally open angle between the midsagittal plane and the hair shaft in degrees), and (iii) amplitude (the difference between maximal retraction and maximal protraction in degrees) and 2(b)).
Hence shoulder motion can involve subject specific relevant shoulder pitching and may therefore influence the data on shoulder protraction.
This principle allows the inter-arch spring module to be a totally intraoral anchorage appliance and does not rely on the forehead and chin as anchorage as in the case of protraction facemask therapy.
For all simulations, 1000 g of protraction forces were applied, as studies have shown that 500 1500 g is an appropriate force load for maxillary protraction [19].
However, there are still an insufficient number of studies on the effects of maxillary protraction on treatment outcomes of OSA, such as measurements of polysomnography.
Considering the report on advantageous impact of lower jaw protraction on bed-wetting reduction, in the author's opinion it would be worth to examine the impact of such appliances in a larger group of examined people.
Also, there have been studies on the maxillary protraction effects of such facemasks on pharyngeal airway dimensions [16 18].
