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Indeed, our resampling of likelihoods approach could easily be combined with Ezard et al. 's [9] focus on observed stage distributions.
Ezard et al. [9] recommended a greater focus on transient dynamics and, in particular, a focus on matrix properties decoupled from the assumption of SSDs e.g. by using analyses based on observed stage distributions.
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Using the model estimates and these weights, we calculated stage-standardised survival for each age and deprivation group using two different stage distributions; one based on the observed stage distribution in each category and the second based on the stage distribution (in the respective deprivation group) for women aged 70 74 years.
The range of estimates generated from these iterations was compared with the survival estimate based on the observed stage data.
The mean absolute deviation (MAD) aggregated the information on differences between the predicted and the observed stage distributions for comparison of the different methods.
Arrows indicate the observed stage inter-conversions.
If we calculate progression rate as observed stage divided by duration of infection [ 14], we get very different comparisons depending on what we assume about age of infection.
We then calculated T- and UICC-stage-specific numbers of cases based on the ten completed simulated data sets and compared them to the observed stage-specific numbers of cases.
There is also recent research on adaptive Simon's two-stage designs [ 17] where the second stage sample size is decided at the end of stage 1 based on observed responses.
The inputs on stage-specific survival in clinical cases are age specific, and are based on observed survival data and on Dutch mortality-to-incidence ratios from the pre-screening period in the Netherlands.
The presented support selection method facilitates the selection of a suitable reinforcement system at the preliminary stages of design and guides the designer to adjust the support reinforcement system based on observed ground and support reaction.
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