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Deeper colluvial soil materials occur on lower slopes.
White ash populations on upper slopes consistently had significantly greater dieback, poorer crown condition, and greater mortality than populations in paired plots on lower slopes.
The first, found on lower slopes and in hollows of the Mongolian and Gobi Altai, reflects the high summer temperatures and low rainfall: the sparse life includes xerophytic (drought-tolerant) and halophytic (salt-tolerant) plants.
In the northernmost mountains in Pakistan's Chitral district and the Gilgit district (Pakistani-controlled Kashmir), precipitation on lower slopes is sparse; hence forest vegetation is limited to occasional juniper and birch.
Other cash crops include tobacco, grown chiefly on irrigated land in the vicinity of Yishui and Weifang; hemp, produced on low ground in the southwest; and fruit, formerly grown only on lower slopes of the central and peninsular hill masses but now cultivated over a wider area.
It is inferred that despite a long history of pastoral and arable agriculture (since the Neolithic/Bronze Age), colluviation on lower slopes, significant soil redistribution and overbank alluviation only began to a measurable extent in the Late Saxon Medieval period (9th Century AD onwards).
Similar(42)
Soil profiles on slopes have been eroded and soils with relict properties in valley bottoms and on lower slope positions (Gleyic Chernozems and intergrades to Luvisols) have been covered by colluvial sediments.
Other soil and landscape properties including parent material composition, colluvium on lower slope positions, C horizon cementation, and depth of soil development also affected Ks of horizons in these soils and should be used to better estimate Ks.
Meanwhile, the trend on silt was not steady; however, the amount seems higher on lower slope compared to upper slope position.
In volcanic landscapes, Nitisols occur in mid-slope positions, between Andosols at higher elevation and more profoundly weathered 'red tropical soils' on lower slope sections.
The city, which is the capital of Al-Sulaymāniyyah governorate, lies on the Tānjarō River and on the lower slopes of the Azmar Dāgh range.
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