These simulations, which take into account fluctuations in gene expression levels [ 44] in a population of simulated "cells" (multiple instances of the gene network), showed that the "valleys" of low elevation on the computed epigenetic landscape correspond to stable cellular states, with "deeper" valleys associated with higher probability of occupancy than shallower valleys.
This acquired immunity may provide a partial explanation for the presence today of low elevation populations of amakihi on both Oahu and Hawaii, and apapane on Hawaii [ 12- 15].
This would imply that competitive effects on species distributions are biased toward underestimating the cold tolerance of low elevation species, but not the warm tolerance of high elevation species.
Furthermore, when the elevation cut-off angle is lower, the effect of the actual meteorological observations on the positioning precision is more significant in Antarctic due to the retention of low elevation angle observations.
Conversely, they expected regions of low elevation would have the weakest gravitational pull.
"These rivers are dependent on low-elevation snow melt, so you have to get on them when the getting's good," he said.
The average number of barley varieties on-farm is 2.3, and on-farm diversity of barley varieties increases strongly with elevation, with an average of 1.7 varieties on low-elevation farms, and 2.8 varieties on high-elevation farms (Table 1).
These balds occur on low-elevation mountains (968 1249 m), well south of the maximum extent of the Cordilleran ice sheet (Fulton, 1991), and support many endemic and disjunct species (Table 3) (Merkle, 1951; Detling, 1953; Magee & Antos, 1992; Zald, 2009) that do not appear to tolerate the currently invading conifer forest.
Contrasting with the Levantine littoral, the establishment of woodland vegetation on the mid to low elevation slopes and the plateaus of the Irano-Anatolian region became possible only with the widespread adoption of woodland management strategies and caprine herding.
Pollens in the lower gastrointestinal tract were identified to low elevation trees and pollens in the upper GI were from higher elevation species.
