The cultivation of HR soybean, maize, and cotton led to an increased herbicide use in the US by an estimated 239 million kg in 1996 2011, compared to non-HR crops, with HR soybean accounting for 70% of the total increase [72].
Compared to herbicide use rates per hectare on non-HR hectares, HR crops increased herbicide use in the U.S. by an estimated 239 million kgs (527 million pounds) in the 1996 2011 period, with HR soybeans accounting for 70% of the total increase across the three HR crops.
For example in recent years, "other herbicides" have been applied to around one-half of HR soybean hectares at an average rate of ~0.34 kgs/ha (~0.3 pounds/acre), resulting in an average ~0.17 kgs/ha (~0.15 pounds/acre) of "other herbicide" applications on all HR hectares (0.5 × 0.34).
The common Midwestern rotation of HR corn-HR soybeans, or HR soybeans-HR cotton in the South, exposes weed populations to annual and repetitive glyphosate-selection pressure.
However, since then, overall herbicide use in HR crops has increased: From 1998 to 2013, the increase in amounts (kg/ha) of active ingredient (a.i). in HR soybean was 64%, compared to 19% in conventional soybean [71].
HR soybean is the dominant GM crop and grown mainly in North and South America, making up about 80% of the global soybean area and 46% of the total GM crop area [12].
Coordinates HR activities, advises on policies, procedures, and best practices, and collaborates on HR programs for the MIT Press (~110 employees).
However, HR-AUCg is strongly dependent on three aspects of HR development, on baseline HR, HR reactivity during TSST-G, and on HR recovery after TSST-G.
But the Senate never voted on HR 3354.
