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The study also found that adoption of biosecurity actions depends on flock size, specifically, smaller and poorer producers adopt fewer biosecurity actions, thus are considered to be riskier in terms of transmission risks.
The study also found that adoption of biosecurity actions depends on flock size (which related to income), educational level of farmers, and incidence of bird flu previously in the area.
The number of dosed animals in each flock, based on the recommendations provided by Coles et al. [ 11], varied from 20 to 32 goats depending on flock size.
Our results have counter-intuitive implications for between-farm spread that could not be predicted based on flock size alone, and together with further knowledge of the relative importance of transmission risk and impact, could have implications for improved targeting of control measures.
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Our results suggest that the overall effect of flock size on the relative transmission risk (TR) is sensitive to the bird-to-bird transmission mode.
The effect of thermal stress on pecking rate was nevertheless minor in comparison to the effect of flock size, which exerted by far the largest effect on both vigilance and pecking rate.
The effect of flock size upon duration was significant at the 10% level (winsorized data for singleton flocks, P = 0.08), such that larger flocks might experience longer epidemics.
All sheep flocks were considered together, independent of flock size.
Inclusion on the official national poultry register has been a legal requirement since April 2011 for non-commercial chicken owners regardless of flock size.
Number of flocks (n), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusted for flock size.
No systematic differences related to flock size were detected.
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