This reform revolutionizes the hospital budget by focusing on income before deciding on expenditure.
Jonathan Anderson at UBS uses one based on production (eg, industry, electricity and construction) and another based on expenditure (retail sales, fixed investment and net exports).
As Chief Secretary, his main achievement was the introduction of cash limits on expenditure.
"People are reining back on expenditure and until that uncertainty is resolved they are going to be more cautious.
In England, routine information on expenditure is increasingly concealed by freedom of information exemptions under the veil of commercial confidentiality.
She says: "I would do a proper personal balance sheet from the start, and cut way back on expenditure.
Scotland's parliament is financed by a block fund, the size of which depends on expenditure in England.
"The candidates need to be clear where they stand on welfare, on expenditure, on the economy, on housing.
With increasing restrictions on expenditure of public moneys, however, funding from multiple sources has become far more commonplace.
This latest take on GDP will have more details on what was driving growth in the second quarter, with the first breakdown on expenditure.
On defence, the raw data on expenditure was far from complete; spending by the security and intelligence agencies were omitted from the files.
