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Overall, the effects of αM2-cap mutations on desensitization are quite modest, especially when compared to their substantial effects on gating.
To test further the effects of β-arrestins on desensitization, shRNA control or knockdown cells were exposed to C3a and washed twice before re-exposure to the same concentration of C3a.
Although transient, functional desensitization induced by low dose vanilloids does exist [46], [47], we think that the pain relieving effect of vanilloids, i.e., extremely high doses of capsaicin or lower doses of the more potent vanilloid RTX are not based on desensitization based on signaling events, generally transient and reversible.
However, the onset of currents evoked by saturating [GABA] may depend additionally on desensitization kinetics (Mozrzymas et al., 2003a).
When GluA2i receptors contained the GluA3 NTD, the effects of the ΔLPSG-D mutation on desensitization and steady-state response were attenuated drastically.
In light of the above findings, we engineered three further mutations at G to encompass amino acids of varying nature and analyzed their effects on desensitization.
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This was observed with both one- and two-photon excitation, with both laser and arc lamp excitation, and using two different methods for measuring FRET, one based on spectral imaging [16], and one based on accepter desensitization [18], [19].
In particular, it should be borne in mind that faster recovery in the paired-pulse experiments (Fig. 5) does not necessarily reflect a faster resensitization rate (transition rate from desensitized to closed state) as the recovery process is known to critically depend also on unbinding and on the desensitization rate (Jones & Westbrook, 1995; Mozrzymas et al., 2003a).
In order to explain these observations, we compared two classes of models based either on the activation or on the desensitization of α7 NNRs.
The kinetic profile of ChRGR photocurrent was characterized by the ON kinetics, the desensitization and the OFF kinetics under comparison to those of ChR1 or 2 (Figure 2B, 2C).
However, as already mentioned, this feature potentially depends not only on the opening/closing rates but also on the desensitization kinetics (Mozrzymas et al., 2003a).
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