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The understory cover was measured as an ordinal variable (1 to 5, sparse to dense), assigned based on a visual estimate of percentage cover of understory plants over a circular plot of 2 m diameter around each tropical ash individual.
In lymphoma, most published clinical response data have been based on a visual estimate of response.
Since sequencing was undertaken on PCR products of pooled DNAs, estimates of SNP frequency were based on a visual estimate of relative peak height in ambiguous positions.
Males were classified as subadult or adult based on a visual estimate of the length of the whale; adult males are much larger than subadults or females.
Scores (1 through 8) for each of the twelve areas were based on a visual estimate of the percentage of the specific cartilage surface affected by lesions, where a score of 8 was equivalent to 100%.
Scores (0 through 3) were done with the investigator blinded to sample identity and were based on a visual estimate of the area of the lesion relative to the area (set arbitrarily at 10) of the respective articular surface.
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Within the non-symbiont fungi we did a visual estimate of how many morphospecies per isolate were present on the plate, based on colony characteristics.
Left ventricular systolic function was typically graded as normal (EF > 50%), moderate dysfunction (EF 30 50%), or severe dysfunction (EF < 30%) basing on eyeball visual estimate and EPSS measurement.
Ice thickness data from drilling on floes, visual estimates by observers on ships, and a few moored sonars indicate that Antarctic sea ice is thinner than Arctic sea ice.
They found a high degree of variation between technicians in traditional monitoring, with results of estimated cover being highly subjective and commonly based on visual estimates (Coulloudon et al. 1999; Magill 1989).
Therefore, the visual estimate of gravity effects on a target motion requires accurate estimates of both image acceleration and viewing distance.
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