In fact, omitted responses are often at least partially due to a lack of test-taking motivation (Jakewerth et al. 1999; Wise and DeMars 2005).
On the test taker's side, this can be viewed as a performance decline (PD), which can be considered as a type of aberrant response behavior reflected in unexpectedly high rates of incorrect or omitted responses for end-of-test items (Cao and Stokes 2008; Schnipke and Scrams 1997; Suh et al. 2012).
The number of omitted responses was very small and did not differ between stimulus types.
Trials associated with omitted responses or wrong key-presses were modeled as events of no interest.
Increasing doses of d-amphetamine increased the proportion of omitted responses (Dose: F1.2,27.1 = 5.82, ɛ = 0.616, P = 0.018).
The ANOVA performed on the percentages of omitted responses (arcsine transformed) showed the significance of the orientation factor (F[1,12] = 172.17; p < 0.0001), revealing a greater percentage of omissions to rotated than to standard stimuli (standard = 6.52%; rotated = 15.25%).
Trials were labeled as error trials with the following criteria: (1) RT of 80 ms or less, (2) omitted responses, (3) outlier RT and MEP responses as identified using Grubbs test (α = 0.05), and (4) baseline EMG activity exceeding 100 μV for more than 50 ms. Error trials (13.38% in total) were entered into the main modeling analysis as covariates of no interest.
After exclusion of subjects who had withdrawn from the NHI before follow-up, those who had a history of cancer, those who had omitted responses for sleep duration, and those who had reported sleep duration of less than 4 h or more than 12 h, 22 320 subjects remained.
The fold-change threshold of 1.5 was chosen as a compromise between a complete view of the transcriptional response and omitting responses that are not strong enough to be reproduced or may be the result of statistical noise.
For both windows, we calculated SCR amplitude by omitting responses below 0.01 μS before averaging, and SCR magnitude by averaging all responses including zero responses.
