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3 To safely omit surgery, it is essential to select accurately the right candidates, i.e., the true complete responders.
This led to the recommendation to offer surgery in an (early) elective setting with contralateral fixation of the testis or even to omit surgery altogether when medical attention is sought after several weeks have elapsed, when the risk of contralateral torsion is considered unlikely [ 12, 14, 18].
Notably, the 15 27% rate of pCR after chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer (Pucciarelli et al, 2004) has led some groups to omit surgery and undertake intensive follow-up in select patients who achieve a clinical complete response with no detectable residual tumour after chemoradiotherapy (Habr-Gama et al, 2004).
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A further conservative strategy has been to adopt a "wait and see" policy, omitting surgery when a complete clinical response is obtained after pCRT.
In 65 patients, the treating physician declared the presence of comorbidities to be a reason for omitting surgery, and in 27 patients, age was considered to be an important reason to opt for PET.
Future trials may examine whether there are scenarios in which it is possible to omit axillary surgery entirely, including SLNB [ 32].
However, accurate characterization of benign lesions is essential, as overestimation of liver lesions (i.e., rating a benign lesion as malignant) can lead to the incorrect decision of omitting surgery.
For example, the page devoted to "Medical management during pregnancy" could be omitted or interchanged with other special situations such as "Preparation of surgery" with relative ease.
In January 2016, The IOC changed its policy, omitting the surgery requirement and reducing the hormone therapy requirement from two years to one.
The single-minded avidity with which these women press their search for Mr. Right makes them seem more like 16. "Boynton Beach Club" omits talk of surgery, blood pressure, cholesterol, arthritis and the thousand other health concerns of older people.
The application of PDL as an initial step of the surgery omits the necessity of subepithelial infusion.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com