One particularly creative group of projects included the deceptively cute-sounding Sniffer, Sniffles, Snoopy and Doggies ("Detection of Olfactory Traces by orthoGonal Gas identification technologIES"), which developed technologically-enhanced robot noses to complement the work done by sniffer dogs, allowing border officers to "detect hidden persons and illegal substances" at border crossings.
These findings suggest that the continuous production of adult-generated neurons is involved in consolidating or restituting long-lasting olfactory traces.
Between one trail and the next, the water in the pool was stirred to remove olfactory traces of previous swim patterns.
Interestingly, focal SVZ irradiation reduced the proliferation rate of newly generated olfactory neurons, thus resulting in long-term olfactory memory dysfunction; these data suggest that newborn adult neurons are involved in the memory of olfactory traces [ 74].
These results demonstrate that the OB is central for consolidation processing of an associative olfactory memory trace.
Together with the observation that adult dDA1 mutants are impaired in the appetitive paradigm, and that this defect can be rescued by expressing the receptor in a subset of mb Kenyon cells [35], this suggests that DA signaling is required for establishing and/or retrieving an appetitive olfactory memory trace, and that likely DA input onto the mbs is critical in this regard.
These GPCRs are homologous to the olfactory receptors, trace amine-associated receptors and V1R pheromone receptors described in higher vertebrates.
We therefore speculate that the dissociation between innate relative preference on the one hand and associative learnability on the other hand may come about by innate preference behavior being steered via the direct lateral horn pathway, whereas learnt behavior may require the readout of the olfactory memory trace in the mushroom body loop (regarding the adult, see Heimbeck et al. 2001).
It has been reported that some type of olfactory memory traces can be stored in the projection neurons independent of the MB [42].
Different sensory systems seem to be specialized to process chemosensory stress signals in mammals (the main olfactory system, trace-amine-associated receptors, the vomeronasal organ, Grueneberg ganglion cells [see 7 10]).
