According to the older understanding, the "discovery" of the Americas was a great triumph, one in which Columbus played the part of hero in accomplishing the four voyages, in being the means of bringing great material profit to Spain and to other European countries, and in opening up the Americas to European settlement.
Sure, you're entitled to be emotionally invested in a narrower, older understanding of what marriage means.
The Guidelines for Adolescent Health Research state that "for mid- and late adolescents (aged 14 years old or older), understanding of research and cognitive ability to make decisions about research participation are similar to these abilities in adults" [ 11].
Out went decades-old understandings; in came 30-day notices to vacate.
Re "Israelis Say Obama Is Ignoring Old Understandings on Settlement 'Freeze' " (news article, June 4): Let us remember first that the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem are occupied territories under international law and Security Council resolutions.
In the second, when formal contracts started to appear alongside the old understandings, a lender assessed a borrower's creditworthiness "at least partly on the basis of exposure to the community".
In a new audiotape, Osama bin Laden condemned Mr. Obama for planting what he called new seeds of "hatred and vengeance" among Muslims, while in Jerusalem, senior Israeli officials complained that Mr. Obama was rewriting old understandings by taking a harder line against existing Israeli settlements.
The law lords had begun to do that, and members of the Supreme Court may well be emboldened to do more.With Britain's constitutional compact in flux, there are other questions about how the new court will change centuries-old understandings.
More radically, does Occupy indicate a radical departure from old understandings of ideology versus identity, and refocus political attention on "meaning, action, and feeling" (Protevi 2011) or on the significance of embodied action in shared space (Butler 2011)?
