Sentence examples for offspring stress from inspiring English sources
Family similarity persisted after accounting for parental depression, SES, time of day, and offspring sex and age, which suggests that the shared family environment influences parent and offspring stress hormone levels throughout the childhood years.
Some red junglefowl were unable to locate the food at all in the first five tests, apparently due to being to stressed by the test situation, and were excluded from the analysis (Parents: control 4, stress 5; Offspring: stress 1).
This raises the interesting possibility that the findings in the present study could be the result of combined effects of maternal stress mediators on both placental growth and the development of brain regions involved in offspring stress responses.
It has been demonstrated that neonatal manipulations often modify absolute levels of maternal care [11], [23]; environment dependent variations in maternal care have been in turn proposed to be the true mediator of the observed adult offspring stress and fear responses [11].
IVF was used to control for levels of maternal care, which can contribute to offspring stress responsiveness through epigenetic mechanisms [ 42], as the females mated with defeated males could potentially invest less maternal care in the offspring of these males than they would in the offspring of control males.
Meaney and colleagues have found that variation in early care affects the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the hippocampus by differential methylation of the promoter region of the gene leading to stable differences in offspring stress reactivity persisting through adulthood [ 136].
The objective of this study was to examine the relationships among maternal and egg cortisol, and maternal and offspring oxidative stress to provide insight into the potential intergenerational effects of stressor exposure in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka).
Taken together, these results indicate that mouse dams adjust specific aspects of maternal behaviour in response to the specific properties of their environment, and that active maternal care and nest site attendance are two aspects of maternal behaviour that may affect the offspring's stress and fear systems independent of each other and in a sex-specific way.
Similarly, findings from animal studies have suggested that maternal care programmes the offspring's stress responses by epigenetic regulation of gene expression regulating the HPA axis 23, 125, persisting into adulthood.
Moreover there are now convincing data showing that ancestral exposure to an environmental compound modifies the perception and response of the offspring to stress experienced during their own life history.
(D ) Graphical representation of the changes in DNA methylation (CNN) of the 175 PSI DMRs between the first generation after 52 days of Pi treatment [ 52d −Pi) − (52d +Pi)] and the offspring of stressed and non-stressed parents grown for 10 days in +Pi.
