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The lifetime risk of developing the disease is ~40% in offspring of one parent with type 2 diabetes, greater if the mother is affected (5), and approaching 70% if both parents have diabetes.
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The power of exclusion, the probability of excluding a random individual from the population as a potential parent of an offspring based on the genotype of one parent and offspring, was calculated as PE = Σ p i (1- p i )2 - 1/2 Σ p i p j 2 [ 49].
A crossover event was determined by noting the intervals in which the genotype of an offspring switched from that of one parent to that of the other.
Nevertheless, our overall assignment rate of offspring to one parent or both parents was approximately 50% in the first cohort and 25% in the second cohort.
Following such hybridization, recurrent backcrosses of offspring with one parent may also allow the introgression of a limited set of foreign alleles into a plant species [ 13].
These offspring had one parent affected by DSM-IV SZ or BP who was a member of a kindred.
The third study investigated the effectiveness of a family program, including the 8 15 year-old offspring of at least one parent with an episode of depression in the past 18 months [ 16].
One of the most obvious manifestations of sexual conflict between parents is offspring desertion whereby one parent leaves the burden of care provisioning to its mate [ 10].
Included studies (listed in Table 1) had to be prospective and longitudinal in design, include the offspring of at least one parent with bipolar disorder, and report on clinical outcomes at the syndrome level.
Half of the participants were the adult offspring of patients (only one parent) who had a knee replacement performed for idiopathic knee OA at any Hobart hospital from 1996 to 2000 [ 9].
The sample (average age of 17.5, SD 4.5) consisted of 54 high-risk offspring (HR) having one parent affected by a DSM-IV SZ or BP.
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