Exact(3)
Antioxidant concentration and oxidative stress were measured in maternal tissues (plasma, brain, heart and liver) as well as offspring developmental stages (pre-fertilization, 24 h post-fertilization, eyed, and hatch), and were compared to both naturally-occurring and experimentally-elevated (via cortisol egg bath) levels of cortisol in eggs.
Offspring developmental plasticity may also buffer species against environmental variation and extremes [17].
As such, changes in maternal egg provisioning due to, for example, maternal age or increased flight during the oviposition period, may affect embryonic development independently from their effects on egg size per se, influencing early offspring developmental traits such as; embryonic development time, and early post-hatching survival and development rates (reviewed in [ 30]).
Similar(57)
We also applied immunohistochemical analysis in rat offspring after developmental exposure to glycidol through maternal drinking water.
We divided the offspring into developmental age periods corresponding to childhood (7 to 12 years of age; N = 13), early-adolescence (13 16; N = 15), late-adolescence (17 19; N = 15) and young adulthood (20 22; N = 22).
For all remaining phenotypes, flies were measured at 16° 25° such that parents and offspring shared developmental thermal environments.
It seems plausible to assume that such aberrant offspring encounter developmental problems and are not viable or fertile.
Meiotic defects, however, can result in sterility (failure to produce offspring) or developmental defects in offspring, often leading to premature death (Handel and Schimenti 2010).
Both polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxind female offspring TCDDevelopmental expostudies
In conclusion, our results clearly demonstrate that the production of TH2 cytokines is promoted by BPA in adult mice and in offspring during developmental exposure.
The neuropsychologic findings in offspring after developmental exposure to PCBs overlap with those described for maternal thyroid insufficiency (Haddow et al. 1999; Morreale et al. 2000; Pop et al. 1999).
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