On the contrary to our findings, the authors observed a significantly shorter length of hospital stay among infants born to overweight and obese women and did not find any excessive offspring costs.
Its offspring will cost even less and get into orbit even more quickly.Technology Quarterly Does it really stack up?
This time around he is happy to have landed "Offspring," which cost roughly $1 million — 35percentt picked up by the state — with Grindstone Entertainment Group and its Ghost House Underground direct-to-video line.
This more conservative pattern of young females may allow higher survival of parents and offspring at cost of a lost reproductive opportunity.
All these potential strategies thus are likely to be detrimental to male fitness in terms of lost mating opportunities and/or reduced offspring survival; costs which will not be outweighed by the reduced costs of less care.
Many parents feel duty-bound to help pay at least some of their offspring's housing costs, but the costs don't always end on graduation day.
His failure to subscribe to key scientific dogmas of the day, such as the "spermatist" notion that the male contributes all the genetic material to offspring, might have cost him his teaching license, but it gave him the freedom to cultivate his pea garden.
No, WE made the decision to sire an offspring who will cost us approximately $241,000 to raise, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
In contrast, more propitious environmental conditions favor greater investment in individual offspring at the cost of mating, since offspring quality predicts successful competition for available for resources and reproductive fitness.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05447.002 Brood care is an altruistic trait that evolved to enhance the fitness of offspring at a cost to the parents and represents a breakthrough in the adaptation of organisms to their environment (Tallamy, 1984; Clutton-Brock, 1991; Gilbert and Manica, 2010).
