It also found the railway and its supply chain pay £3.9bn a year in tax, offsetting nearly all of the £4bn the government provides to support train operations.
Since 2005, the UK's population has increased by almost 5 million to 64 million and its workforce reached a record of more than 30 million, partly offsetting a sharp rise in the number of pensioners.
Offsetting this, $40m will go towards tackling the threats faced by the Great Barrier Reef and $300,000 will be given to Melbourne Zoo to facilitate the release of 60 orangutans back into the wild in Indonesia.
But in Ireland the offsetting will take the form of new projects in other parts of the country.
Jessica Hinds, a European economist at Capital Economics, said: "April's fall in the eurozone composite PMI suggested that fears over Greece might already be starting to dampen economic growth in the region, offsetting any boost from loose monetary policy and the weakness of the euro.
"Although the recent fall in equity prices and weaker economic prospects in Europe will leave some imprint on the U.S. economy, offsetting factors include declines in interest rates on Treasury bonds and home mortgages, as well as lower prices for oil and some other globally traded commodities".
Mr Bush is the first president for many years to lose the independent vote.But offsetting all this was Mr Bush's success at mobilising his base.
The party should also do well in Michigan, Ohio and Virginia.The Democrats' main hope of offsetting these gains lies in California, where they control the governorship and both houses of the legislature.
Doing so will help to close the massive deficit of Naftogaz, the state gas monopoly, which for years has supplied Ukrainian households at a fifth of the price it pays for gas.To quell dissent, some governments are offsetting price rises by helping the neediest.
Second, and offsetting the first effect, once the new rules are in place the benefits from having fewer crises are big.
Yields on ten-year Treasuries, at 3.3%, are lower than they were in August 2008, before bail-outs and recession sent projected deficits into the stratosphere.It may be that other, temporary forces, such as the lack of private borrowing or the Fed's easy monetary policy, are offsetting any worries about deficits.
