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To offset this increase, airlines have pursued a variety of fuel-saving strategies, like taxiing with just one of two engines running, shutting off the plane's auxiliary power when parked at the gate, or using more direct flight paths for landing.
In its turnaround, JAL benefited from a write-down of its fleet, government- arranged debt waivers and $4.5 billion in tax credits allowing the airline to offset corporate tax for almost a decade.
Until the airlines change their minds, analysts and passengers say openness by the airlines could offset some of travelers' irritation.
The effects of September 11th and competition from low-cost airlines were offset by strenuous efforts at cost-cutting.
To offset that, seven major airlines imposed a $30 surtax in May on domestic round-trip tickets.
Much of this money will go back to the airlines to offset their costs.
A decrease in the price of rent, new cars and airline tickets helped offset rising energy prices.
The effect was reduced by $150 million through hedges, contracts intended to offset fuel price increases, the airline said.
"There was an overall 4 per cent increase in 2014, but that was offset by increases in both airline fleet values and in the number of passengers carried".
