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Fig. 8 Offloaded data volume by Wi-Fi data offloading in terms of different arriving traffic volumes.
It is obvious from the figure that when the average residence time is larger than 6 min, the amount offloaded data remains unchanged.
Secondly, offloaded data will be routed directly to Internet through the Wi-Fi backbone, which is not under control of the wireless operators since the Wi-Fi networks are usually owned by third parties.
The reason is that although the session offloads more data if the user stays longer in the offloading area, the maximum amount of offloaded data is limited by E[d]. Figure 8 shows that the amount of offloaded data increases significantly with increasing E[d].
With an overall view of the network, the SDN controller has visibility over the offloaded data and can deliver subscribed content from vendors even after offloading, which is important for the operators [4].
Figure 8 plots the amount of offloaded data as a function of the average residence time, t r.
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However, the conventional centralized cloud may result in a high delay of offloading data delivery and in congestion of backhaul due to the transmission of the offloaded data.
With spectrum scarce, the mobile-phone companies have been building regular Wi-Fi hotspots as fast as they can so they can offload data from their congested private networks to Wi-Fi's unlicensed public bands.
After service initiation time, the user starts offloading data to enhance the applications performance.
MAUI (Mobile Assistance Using Infrastructure) [1] and ThinkAir [6] describe hardware components and propose to offload data in order to optimize energy consumption of mobile devices.
However, offloading data collection and processing to proxies is energy-consuming due to the wireless communication, which holds for any wireless device, including smartphones [6],[6]].
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