While discussing Hume's arguments, Alvin Plantinga offered a probability version of the teleological argument in his book God and Other Minds: Every contingent object such that we know whether or not it was the product of intelligent design, was the product of intelligent design.
Underlying the work presented in PLoS Medicine is the principle of the scan statistic, which offers a probability of an excessive number of case reports appearing within a narrowly defined space and time, as compared with a probability determined from information collected in a larger region or over a longer period.
How should decision theory interpret the probability of a state S if one performs an act A, that is, P(S if A)? Probability theory offers a handy suggestion.
You say, you had put a 10% probability that Microsoft walks away from the offer; a 40% probability that Microsoft goes hostile; 5% that Microsoft/Yahoo! agree at the current price; and 45% that Microsoft/Yahoo! agree at a higher price.
If none seems to offer a high probability of success, it calls for human assistance.
One way to reduce the pressures and risks associated with developing a new product is to use materials that offer a high probability of satisfying the product element design requirements but may not be the lowest cost options.
The risky option offered a low probability of a large monetary reward or a high probability of a smaller monetary loss.
Specifically, mobility enables sensors to dynamically adjust their positions for better sensing quality, and offers a higher probability for guaranteeing the required coverage at the same time.
OFDM offers a statistical probability of greater aggregated throughput more data passing faster than a single wide channel.Each swimmer, to stretch the metaphor, is free to swim as fast as he likes, too, using whatever stroke.
Collectively these represent a substantial improvement on "business as usual", but they are some way from a path that offers a reasonable probability of restricting the rise in global average temperature above its pre-industrial level to no more than 2C.
Science was science because it subjected its theories to rigorous tests which offered a high probability of failing and thus refuting the theory.
