The on-off solenoid valves used to control the air mass flow rates are integrated together.
It is noted that the airflow characteristics of the six on-off solenoid valves are assumed to be identical to each other.
Based on the modeling assumptions, the on-off solenoid valve is abstracted to a thin wall orifice, thus the nonlinear air mass flow characteristics through the solenoid valve is expressed mathematically as [27, 28].
In general, the controller needs to adjust the air mass flow rates flowing into or flowing out of the four air springs synchronously with several on-off solenoid valves.
When the absolute values of the desired air mass flow rates through the air spring solenoid valves are larger than the maximum air mass flow rates, the duty ratios of the on-off solenoid valves are defined as 1.
Since the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of EAS uses the on-off solenoid valves to regulate the air masses inside the air springs, the on-off statuses of the six solenoid valves are further controlled by employing the pulse width modulation (PWM) technology in this paper.
The vehicle height and leveling adjustment system is composed of six on-off solenoid valves deciding the air flow path, a compressor and an air reservoir providing the high-pressure air, an electronic control unit (ECU) providing control signals for the system, and some other related pneumatic components.
When the absolute values of the desired air mass flow rates through the air spring solenoid valves are less than the maximum air mass flow rates, the duty ratios of the on-off solenoid valves are defined as the desired air mass flow rates divided by the maximum air mass flow rates.
In this paper an extensive set of experiments and a related mathematical model investigating the dynamics of pneumatic actuators controlled by on-off solenoid valves, whose opening and closing time response is based on a pulse width modulation (PWM) technique, is presented.
If your reading is off, your IAC solenoid is bad.
To eject microdroplets, the printing head is actuated by positive and negative pressures transferred during the on and off times of the solenoid valve, which is triggered by electric signals tailored from a LabVIEW program (Fig. 2).
