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Instructors interested in quantitative instruments should consult those created by Anderson et al. (2002), Bishop and Anderson (1990), and Settlage and Jensen (1996), all of which assess distinct evolutionary concepts and can be used efficiently with large classes.
The scale consists of 14 items, 7 of which assess anxiety and 7 which assess depression.
The WCST and the Stroop Color-Word test, both of which assess cognitive flexibility, have been used only in the Michigan study (Jacobson and Jacobson 2003).
Computational approaches (peak callers) have been developed to identify the global pattern of these sites, most of which assess the deviation from background by applying distribution statistics.
The coding procedure focuses observers' attention on seven aspects of adult and infant behaviour, some of which assess emotion (facial expression, vocal expression, position and body contact, expression of affection) and others "cognition", i.e., temporal order and interpersonal contingency (pacing of turns, control of the activity and developmental appropriateness of the activity).
Health literacy was measured by the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) and the Newest Vital Sign (NVS), both of which assess reading comprehension and numeracy in health contexts, and by the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), which assesses medical vocabulary.
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A paucity of validated indicators (n = 12), most of which assessed quality of life, only permitted a qualitative data synthesis.
A limited number of prospective observational studies have addressed NNS and weight, most of which assessed NNS intake by FFQ.
Perceived behavioural control was assessed from responses to five items, two of which assessed self-efficacy while the other three assessed perceived control.
We assessed osmolarity equations in five data sets, each of which assessed directly measured osmolality, sodium, potassium, glucose and urea from a single blood draw for each participant.
Application of inclusion criteria to data points resulted in the exclusion of 261 data points, the majority of which assessed children aged <18 months.
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