Exact(3)
First, a large number of studies were excluded on the basis of weak design (lack of appropriate controls, retrospective surveys).
Studies were of weak design; all used retrospective data and relied on others for precise record keeping and for accurate recall of events.
Although the majority of studies reviewed reported a positive association, the review authors noted that the number of studies was limited and most were assessed to be of weak design.
Similar(57)
Although no randomized clinical trials have been done, considerable evidence from studies of weaker design strongly suggest that tube feeding does not reduce the risks of death, aspiration pneumonia, pressure ulcers, other infections, or poor functional outcome.
It was difficult to determine whether programme objectives were met due to weak design of activities, a lack of valid baseline data, and inadequate performance monitoring and evaluation.
Effectiveness In spite of the weak design of the projects, there is some evidence that they achieved clearly identifiable outputs and in some cases produced behavioural and institutional changes resulting in an improvement of the situation of children.
Finally, the third problem is the weak design of most of the published studies, which are often poorly controlled and nonrandomized.
However, this finding should be considered with caution as this body of research suffered from weak design and there was limited available data.
Because of practical constraints, the weak design was further compromised by weak implementation, thus it is not surprising that the project did not succeed in increasing adolescent use of clinic services.
We give near-optimal constructions of such "weak designs" which achieve much better parameters than possible with the notion of designs used by Nisan-Wigderson and Trevisan.
We give near-optimal constructions of such "weak designs" which achieve much better parameters than possible with the notion of designs used by Nisan Wigderson and Trevisan.
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