The interest in social impacts of research has not yet given rise to a great proliferation of useful, valid techniques for evaluating such impacts.
There are, however, other valid techniques for front-of-neck access, which may continue to be provided in some hospitals where additional equipment and comprehensive training programmes are available.
Regardless of discrepancies in magnitude, our quantitative PCR results demonstrate, with the exception of one data point, both qPCR,and aCGH are valid techniques for estimation of relative copy number in heterologous species.
Valid techniques for scoring points in the competition include a variety of punching and kicking techniques.
Compared to review of clinical records, reported physical restraint use by interviewing nursing staff is a simple, efficient, and valid technique of collection of data regarding their use in nursing homes.
The strengths of our study include the following: its design is prospective, it studied the contacts of recent diagnosed TB patients with actual exposure to M. tuberculosis, seasonal sunlight variations occurred during the study, multivariate analysis was applied to control potential confusion factors and risk of exposure, and a valid technique was used to determine 25(OH D levels [ 50].
Demonstration of arterial hypervascularity using ultrasound contrast agents is a valid technique for differentiation of established HCC from benign or dysplastic nodules, but cannot be relied on for examining the whole of the liver since the contrast enhancement is transitory and the field of view with ultrasound probes is limited.
This method relies on the Doppler shift, assessing the frequency change undergone by light when reflected by moving objects, such as RBCs, and is a valid technique for measurement of microcirculatory function in small tissue areas (Smits et al, 1986).
Programmers also claimed that reverse-engineering was a valid technique in the cause of learning how technology works.
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure decay curve analysis appears to be a valid technique for the measurement of pulmonary capillary pressure during hypoxia in intact anesthetized animals.
