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Typically, a large fraction (50 90%) of phylogenomic alignments consists of undetermined characters that are used to denote the complete absence of sequence data for specific gene/taxon pairs.
The rustler turned out to be a small animal of undetermined type, not a coyote.
The speed and precision of automatic history matching are two critical considerations due to the undetermined character of inverse problems and the nonlinearity of the reservoir flow mechanism.
The missing per-gene sequences for each taxon are then usually just filled up with undetermined characters.
The proportion of gaps and undetermined characters was 4.04 %, and GC content was 38.4%.
The shaded gray regions represent the areas of missing data (undetermined characters).
This resulted in a data matrix of 11694 amino acids (aa) with 3.31% consisting of gaps and completely undetermined characters.
The proportion of gaps or completely undetermined characters (N) in the final alignment is 17.5%.
Given the way undetermined characters are modeled in most current phylogenetic likelihood function implementations, we can observe that adding a taxon that consists entirely of gaps to a tree at an arbitrary branch, will not change its likelihood.
Archway Bookshop Church Street, Axminster, Devon EX13 5AQ, 01297 33744 Archway Bookshop is ensconced in a Grade II-listed building of undetermined age, but tangibly historical character.
Embolic strokes of undetermined source: the case for a new clinical construct.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com