For example, reduced stroke volume response to dobutamine likely indicates underlying severity of illness rather than being a direct contributor to risk of death.
The decision to be treated by a specialist rather than a PCP very likely reflects differences in underlying severity of the condition that cannot be observed with claims data.
It does not necessarily represent the underlying severity of the asthma.
Patients' characteristics, reasons for requesting ICU admission, severity of underlying disease, severity of acute illness and mortality were recorded.
There is some evidence that extubation failure can directly worsen patient outcomes independently of underlying illness severity [5].
We do not know whether late PNS treatment is the risk factor or a marker of underlying illness severity.
What remains unclear is whether hyperglycemia is merely an epiphenomenon of underlying stroke severity or if it is itself directly harmful to ischemic brain tissue.
Our model follows hypothetical patients with COPD to evaluate the effect of underlying COPD severity and of hypothetical patient-specific preferences (about long-term institutionalization and complications from invasive mechanical ventilation) on the recommended AD.
Internal consistency for the original General Psychopathology subscale was also adequate, 0.88, suggesting that any of the original or newly recommended subscales would be meaningful indicators of underlying symptom severity against which individual items and options could be modeled.
Baseline hyperglycemia may represent an acute stress response from activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis causing a rise in cortisol and catecholamines and, therefore, may simply be indicative of underlying stroke severity.
