About the same time a new model of U-boat, with greater underwater speed and endurance, came into operation.
Strategic bombing disrupted both German and Japanese logistics and communications, and slowed or halted the Axis' production of weapons like the new, faster class of U-boat.
Why did the British Admiralty, which in the wartime emergency had ultimate control over Cunard liners, provide no escort in the Irish channel, though it was well aware, through broken codes, of U-boat activity?
In July 1943, a dashing young naval commander named Ian Fleming, the assistant to the director of British naval intelligence, was dispatched to a high-level Anglo-American conference in Jamaica to deal with the urgent problem of U-boat raiders in the Caribbean.
The Admiralty was right to feel vulnerable: it had failed to provide an escort for the Lusitania, to give her adequate warning of U-boat activity or to explain clearly how to avoid the danger.Egged on by its civilian boss, Winston Churchill, the Admiralty began a whispering campaign to discredit Turner's seamanship.
Grand-Admiral Karl Dönitz (1891-1980): As head of U-boats from 1939 came close to defeating Britain in Atlantic.
Kiefer has built a huge glass tank, filled not with a shark but with a fleet of U-boats.
When instead they found a naval stalemate, British warships blockaded Germany and the Germans resorted to submarine warfare with their fleet of U-boats.
While sinkings by submarines, after that month, steadily fell, the losses of U-boats showed a slow but steady rise, and more than 40 were destroyed in the first six months of 1918.
By the spring of 1941, under the guidance of Admiral Karl Dönitz, the U-boat commanders were changing their tactic of individual operation to one of wolf-pack attacks: groups of U-boats, disposed in long lines, would rally when one of them by radio signaled a sighting and overwhelm the convoy by weight of numbers.
