Even in vertebrates PARP14 proteins are readily found duplicated and one of this duplication is actually PARP15.
No direct repeats were found at the ends of the duplicated region in M184, suggesting that the formation of this duplication is likely to be due to illegitimate end joining.
The structural and functional consequences of this duplication and divergence are unclear.
As a result of this duplication mechanism, the two centrioles differ in age and maturity, and thus have different functions; for example, the older of the two centrioles can initiate the formation of a ciliary axoneme.
So if you were using two gigs of space on Gmail you could easily be using six at FastMail because of this duplication.
Much of this duplication happened long before humans evolved, though some duplications occurred in the human lineage to create exclusively human twins of existing genes.
They discovered evidence of this duplication in other flowering plants, but not in conifers and other gymnosperms, which produce seeds but no flowers and preceded the evolution of flowering plants.
Therefore, in this case, retrotransposition could be an explanation for the origin of this duplication.
Again, the distribution of this duplication in the two forms most likely occurred through introgression.
To further evaluate the history of this duplication, we examined unrelated individuals collected directly from the wild over a large geographic range from all three mouse subspecies: M. m. domesticus, M. m. musculus, and M. m. castaneus.
To evaluate the exclusivity of this duplication further, we evaluated 30,000 patients without neurological disorders typed on the Illumina 550 k platform and did not observe the duplication in these additional controls (P = 3.2×10−9).
