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The order of their timescale, approximately 1 Myr at 1 AU for objects making typical passes of 5 planetary radii near Earth or Venus, represents the interval during which a fresh Q-type affected by space weathering will remain a Q-type; at least the dominant signature from the asteroid surface is from materials that produce Q-type spectra.
Reports of declining innovation need to be considered in the context of their timescale and perspective.
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Grouping chemical reactions as fast or slow according to the relative size of their associated timescales, Pahlajani et al.[ 51] obtain timescale separation by defining fast species as those which are involved in fast reactions only and slow species as those involved in slow reactions only.
It appears that substitution rate estimates co-vary very strongly with their timescale of measurement; the shorter the timescale, the higher the estimated value.
The number of changes and their timescales (hence rates of change) are presented in Figure 4A (for all avian chromosomes 1 5) and 4B for the Neognathae (chromosomes 6 28 + Z).
The orders-of-magnitude difference in their timescales (Ir ca. μs; Eu ca. 0.5 ms) allowed them to be identified by time-gated detection.
The extent of quantum oscillations and their timescales in photosynthesis can be readily extracted from the designed signals, showing that cooperativity is maintained during energy transport in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex.
If the drifting timescale of dust particles due to the P-R drag tPR is much shorter than the timescale of their mutual, destructive collisions tcol, the particles can get out of the dust source region by the P-R drag.
Timescale of their temporal variations is roughly estimated to be 200 340 s, and amplitudes of the MRs shown in their paper are about 1 nT.
For a family of simulated geostationary, geosynchronous and super-geostationary orbits we compute the indicator called MEGNO in order to find out which orbits are chaotic and the timescale of their exponential divergence.
The main problem with formation theories for these planets is the timescale of their formation.
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