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Between-school variation of the achievement gap is smaller in reading and science, around four points or 7 8%% of the total gap.
However, consistent with the regression results from regression model 1, estimates of the total gap are statistically significant in grades 5 and 7 only.
We observe that students' between-school segregation as measured by school fixed effects explains around six points of the immigrant-native achievement gap in mathematics, which is around 11%% of the total gap (panel a).
Figure 3 shows histograms of percentages of total gap length in bins of 100 bp and of percentages of the total gap count in bins of 10 bp.
Eighty percent of the total gap length is in gaps > 3000 bp but 50%% of gaps are less than 80 bp.
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Indeed, the characteristics effect has an incidence of 173% on the total gap.
In other words, even if women and the residents in the South have higher human capital characteristics, they are more penalized for the performances reached, suggesting the presence of a possible penalty component.5 Indeed, the characteristics effect for 2015 is negative with percentages of 24 and 8%, respectively, on the total gap.
An examination of the contribution of each term in isolation to the total gap between native and random states reveals some additional trends.
In contrast, the return effect plays a smaller role in contributing to the total gap since its estimates are statistically insignificant (at almost all selected percentiles) or of an opposite sign to the total gap estimates (at virtually the entire distribution of grade 3 reading test scores as can be seen in the first graph in panel A of Fig. 2).
Importantly, it should also be mentioned that at steady-state conditions the monopalmitoylated fraction of GAP-43 represent the 60% of the total GAP-43 protein, indicating the importance of the monoacylated specie in GAP-43 function [46].
The investigation reveals that neglecting spatial variation of ground motions and SSI can significantly underestimate the total gap of a MEJS required to avoid pounding between the adjacent bridge girders.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com