Connectivity of the rest of the catchment was low.
In August, snowmelt runoff from non-glacierized regions of the catchment is small, while bare ice melt is most important.
Mitchell says he was keen to take part in the programme not just to show off his school but also to challenge viewers' perspective of the catchment area.
Stenoien, M. D. & Bentley, C. R. Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica: a study of the catchment using interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements and radar altimetry.
In 1988, tests found that water in 24percentt of the catchment systems had levels of lead above the maximum proposed by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency.
Percolation was modelled as ∼3.6% of rainfall in the driest parts of the catchment, ∼10% of rainfall in the moderately wet parts of the catchment and ∼8.4% but up to 28.9% of rainfall in the wettest parts of the catchment.
Less than 20% of the catchment area produces almost 60% of the sediment yield.
Hence, soils in a large part of the catchment become gradually thinner and stonier.
Three different mitigation scenarios, designed to maintain the landscape of the catchment, were then tested.
The contemporaneous deforestation in 18% of the catchment area resulted in a 13% decrease in streamflow.
In 2015 secondary forests occupied about 70% of the catchment and orchards about 20%.
