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The equivalent diameter of the annulus section is 12.9 mm.
These beds moved at a lower speed along the annular space so that at the end of the test period, there may be some beds about to approach the outlet of the annulus section and if the test period has lasted for a few extra minutes there is a great chance for the nearby moving beds to leave the annular section.
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Field conditions had been considered in determining the size and the shape of the annulus flow section.
Therefore, carrying the cuttings would not be performed efficiently in the lower section of the annulus.
Eventually, the gas is cooled down in the upper section of the annulus by the geothermal gradient.
Figure 9 shows the velocity profile in a horizontal cross section of the annulus.
After arrival in the annulus, the gas is quickly heated up by the geothermal gradient in the lower section of the annulus.
But the cuttings slowly precipitate in the upper section of the annulus, so that the precipitation decreases from 48″ distance (Fig. 14f) up to 84″ distance (Fig. 14h), and no precipitation occurs at the ending part [from 84″ distance (Fig. 14e) to end part of the annulus (Fig. 14j)].
A parametric study accounting for the effects of various physical parameters on the velocity and temperature fields and on the coefficient of skin friction, the rate of heat transfer at the surface of the cylinders, and mass flux across a normal section of the annulus is conducted and the results are discussed graphically.
The local flow parameters, such as void fraction, interfacial area concentration (IAC), and bubble interface velocity, were measured at nine radial positions within the gap of the annulus at z/Dh= 230 of the test section.
If and denote geodesic balls centered at the point of a Riemannian manifold, we recall that is the capacity of the annulus, being the harmonic measure of (see [3, Section ] for instance).
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