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A recent research interest is the conversion of such feedstocks into biodiesel via enzymatic processes, which have considerable advantages over conventional alkali-catalyzed processes.
Global demand for sustainable resources means that there is an increasing socioeconomic pressure to ensure complete utilization of such feedstocks [ 8].
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Glycerol promises to be one of such feedstock.
The availability of data for such feedstock properties is limited and fresh measurements are often required in order to perform PIM simulations for variations in feedstock composition.
A significant 17% increase in ethanol yield from plant biomass, as observed here by CAD downregulation, would increase industrial efficiency of processing such feedstock.
In the area of biofuels, scientists at numerous companies are trying to create microbes that can break down dense feedstocks (such as switchgrass) to produce biofuels; such feedstocks can be grown, processed, and burned in a way that is more efficient, less expensive, and environmentally sustainable relative to the fossil fuels that vehicles currently use.
Bacterial contamination is known as a major cause of reductions in the yield of ethanol from such feedstock by yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Skinner and Leathers 2004).
Citrus processing waste (CPW) is an example of such a feedstock: its generation is centralized within a citrus processing plant and, due to low lignin content (Edwards and Doran-Peterson [2012]), it does not require extensive pre-treatment.
This complex process allows for the lack of aseptic conditions during fermentation as well as the utilization of such diverse feedstock as animal manure [ 6], wastewater sludge [ 7], and food waste [ 8] as well as starch and lignocellulosic energy crops [ 4].
Since such feedstock material can be replenished readily, biofuel is considered to be a source of renewable energy, unlike fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
Thus, it may not be advisable to do co-composting of such or similar feedstock in the open without sheltering from rains as this might lead to a significant loss in nutrients.
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