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The empirical findings of Ishikawa and Montello (2006) strongly support the existence of substantial individual differences and our present results also reveal large variance among individuals, variance that correlates at least moderately with self-reported SOD.
The relevant decline was determined using the Edwards-Nunnally index that determines the probability of substantial individual change and avoids the problem of regression to the mean [ 32].
Given that persistent knee pain has been implicated as a precursor to osteoarthritis [ 36, 37], the findings of this study are of substantial individual and public health importance.
Because of substantial individual differences in scale use, ratings were converted to z-scores, using the grand mean of all ratings for each subject, and then the means of four ratings across 7 d were computed across the baseline week and week 4. Paired t tests were carried out separately for each drink, comparing baseline hunger and thirst with hunger and thirst after 4 weeks of the experiment.
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In The Sublime Object of Ideology, Žižek rejects the notion of a substantial individual subject, the usual understanding of the "I" of René Descartes's dictum "Cogito, ergo sum" (Latin: "I think, therefore I am").
In Australia diabetes is a 'national health priority area' in recognition of the substantial individual and government costs of the disease [ 5].
Hence, work output and productivity decrease for an average worker but there are, of course, substantial individual variations.
In fact, the large SD of 9.7 indicates a substantial individual degree of "doctor's delay".
Stress urinary incontinence is a common condition affecting approximately 20% of adult women causing substantial individual (quality of life) and economic (119 million Euro/year spent on incontinence pads in the Netherlands) burden.
Due to the presence of substantial qualitative individual differences in behaviour we describe individual results rather than averaging quantitative indices of performance across individuals.
However, postoperative pain management is still challenging because of substantial inter-individual variations of pain thresholds, as well as effectiveness of analgesics [4].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com