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Establishing the ages of strata within a region, as well as the ages of strata in other regions and on different continents, involves stratigraphic correlation from place to place.
We show that this can lead to biased inference and estimation for both so-called "type II" (unequal weighting of strata) as well as "type III" (equal weighting of strata) analyses.
Each microenvironment contains different levels of strata and, consequently, different concentrations corresponding to each combination of strata.
Unfortunately, this procedure becomes very slow as the number of strata increases and it even fails to select samples for some large numbers of strata.
The concentration value for each combination of strata was the arithmetic mean of the concentration measured in all the samples in each specific combination of strata [see Supplemental Material, Tables 4 and 5 (doi:10.1289/ehp.0900561.S1)].
The number of strata may vary from language to language.
The chronostratigraphic scale has evolved since the mid-1800s and concerns the relative order of strata.
Each successive group of strata thus may be characterized by distinctive conodont assemblages or faunas.
When fighting his corner against the derangement of strata at the National Theatre, Lasdun claimed, "strata have given the Thames back to London".
In regions where the rocks have been strongly deformed through folding or faulting, the original attitudes of strata may be greatly altered, and sequences of strata that were once essentially horizontal may now be steeply inclined or overturned.
Furthermore, the presence of fossils throughout Phanerozoic sediments has enabled paleontologists to construct a relative order of strata.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com