Kant recognizes that "like for like" is not always possible to the letter, but believes that justice requires that it be used as the principle for specific judgments of punishment.
Then a choice is necessary between revising one's judgment to bring it into line with the systematic implications of the other specific judgments, or else revising the rules (with the possible consequence that a similar problem will arise in another quarter).
From these themes, there is much to be learned, especially if one's home tradition has had a strong focus for a good portion of the modern period on the top-down deduction of specific ethical judgments from extremely abstract principles.
We propose that these representations quantify directionally specific judgments of location relative to specific anchor points in the stimulus; a format that precludes the parallel processing of like representations.
All three philosophers shaped their views about general philosophical questions on the basis of careful attention to the more specific judgments we make.
In both cases specific judgments (concerning observations or the badness of a certain act, for instance) are tentatively accepted and an attempt is made to make sense of them by appeal to more general principles that explain the judgments.
Our analysis suggests that the valuation process is poorly specified as a set of task-specific judgments.
This approach can be regarded as rule-consequentialist, in requiring that we sometimes disregard our case-specific judgment because of the high probability and substantial costs of error.
However, we speculate that individual ensemble members may only influence judgments of specific points and may not influence users making judgments about areas.
The existing tools focus on criteria for the characterization of structural and process quality (e.g., DISCERN [ 11]), self-assessment of lay persons (e.g., Check-In [ 12]), or a reviewer's subjective judgment of specific benefits and harms [ 13].
Other studies report that direct reports and judgments of specific task efficacy from colleagues relate to behavior more often than usability and a general user satisfaction [ 23].
