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This notion is well manifested by the interaction of the family of Se-dependent Dios with TH homeostasis and metabolism studied in several animal model systems [39], [40], [41], [42].
Especially in the hypothalamus, a disturbed expression of Se-dependent Dio might contribute to the aetiology of the syndrome [13], but the exact molecular alterations have not been fully clarified [14].
Activity of Se-independent GPx was obtained by subtracting the activity of Se-dependent GPx from that of total GPx.
Besides the diminished levels of Se in cases of deficiency a series of Se-dependent proteins can be found to be altered in such situations.
It is known that humans and animals require Se for the normal function of a number of Se-dependent biological processes [ 4, 5].
In HCV patients reduced levels of Se-dependent GPX and reduced antioxidative ability are linked with hepatitis C and the reduced micronutrient levels [42].
Whereas the use of the term 'deficiency' was for years restricted to cases with Se-related clinical dysfunctions, the Se supplementation needed for optimal health was characterised recently by full expression of Se-dependent selenoproteins in humans [ 16].
A large body of in vitro and in vivo data indicates that TGF β-induced myofibroblast differentiation is driven via induction of NOX4-derived ROS and supported by the concomitant downregulation of Se-dependent ROS scavenging enzymes.
Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) were measured at 340 nm in a coupled enzyme system where cumene hydroperoxide is used as substrate for the sum of Se-dependent and Se-independent forms and NADPH is consumed by GR to convert the formed GSSG to its reduced form.
Our results imply a self-amplifying cycle of decreasing TH levels causing reduced Se availability, which in turn impairs the activation of T4 by the Se-dependent Dios and the Se dependent function of the HPT axis.
Selenium is important for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and damaging lipid and phospholipids into harmless products via the Se dependent enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) [ 16].
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